Discover Nicodemus National Historic Site
Step back in time at Nicodemus National Historic Site, the last remaining western town established by freed African American settlers during the Reconstruction Period. Drawn by the promise of land in the free state of Kansas, African Americans migrated westward in search of a brighter future.
History of Nicodemus
*Journey to Kansas*
Following the Civil War, emancipated African Americans were encouraged to venture west to Kansas, hailed as the “Promised Land” brimming with freedom and opportunity. Attractively depicted, Kansas offered land for farming, space for growth, and a sense of community. Moreover, it was the home of the famed abolitionist John Brown, an American hero.
*Promoting Kansas*
Recognizing the unfulfilled dreams of many African Americans in the south, a black minister and a white land promoter joined forces. They distributed flyers targeting African Americans in Kentucky and Tennessee, greatly exaggerating the resources and affordable land available in Kansas.
*Arrival of Settlers*
Migrants arrived in droves—by train, on foot, and carrying all their belongings. When they finally reached their destination, an unexpected sight greeted them: smoke rising in the distance indicated Nicodemus. Far from the welcoming paradise they imagined, the settlers found dugouts, makeshift homes requiring immense effort to transform into a livable town.
Settlers first arrived in 1877, but it took nearly a decade for Nicodemus to sustain a population of 200. What began as a cluster of prairie dugouts evolved into a planned town, with residents overcoming hardships to create opportunities.
By the late 19th century, Nicodemus boasted a bank, hotel, pharmacies, grocery stores, barbershops, liveries, and hat makers.
Decline of Nicodemus
The decline of Nicodemus was gradual yet definitive. Despite their hopes, the town’s prospects dimmed when the railroad bypassed it, diverting jobs and settlers to nearby Bogue. Many residents left, but some remained. Today, descendants of these resolute settlers work at the site, sharing their ancestors’ stories of hope and perseverance.
Exploring Nicodemus National Historic Site
Visitors can explore historical buildings, a cemetery, and a roadside park within the compact area of Nicodemus. While some structures are closed, you can still admire their exteriors. The AME Church, restored in 2021, is often open during the day.
*Township Hall*
Constructed in 1939 from locally quarried limestone, the Township Hall initially hosted town events. Now, it serves as the visitor center for the historic site, featuring exhibits and a must-see movie.
*The African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church*
Established in 1878 and relocated in 1910, this historic church reopened for visitors in 2021 following restoration.
*School Building*
The original school succumbed to fire, but the replacement structure offers a glimpse into the educational experiences of early citizens.
*St. Francis Hotel*
This multifaceted building once housed a hotel, post office, schoolhouse, and stagecoach station. Unfortunately, it was closed to the public during my visit.
*Nicodemus Cemetery*
Located a mile north of town, this cemetery is the final resting place for many first settlers and town founders. The dirt road can be rough, so proceed cautiously.
Visitor Information
*Visitor Center*
Address: 304 Washington Ave., Nicodemus, KS 67625-3015
Hours: 9:00 am – 5:00 pm (Thursday – Monday)
Housed in the old township hall, the visitor center offers exhibits, a bookstore, and a short, informative video on Nicodemus’s history and residents.
*Fees*
Admission is free to all sites at Nicodemus National Historic Site.
*National Park Passport Stamp*
Collect your Passport (cancellation) stamp at the visitor center.
*Website*
Visit the official NPS website for more information.
*Getting There*
Nicodemus National Historic Site is located in North Central Kansas near the South Fork Solomon River, just off US Highway 24. Though remote, it’s a worthy stop on a road trip.
Nearest Major Towns:
– Colby, KS: 79 miles (1hr. 15 mins)
– Wichita, KS: 224 miles (3.5 hrs.)
– Kansas City, KS: 296 miles (5 hrs.)
– Colorado Springs, CO: 295 miles (5 hrs.)
– Lincoln, NE: 247 miles (4 hrs.)
Come explore the resilient spirit of Nicodemus and immerse yourself in a pivotal piece of American history.